Passive Voice, Causative, Relative Pronoun

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice merupakan ungkapan kalimat pasif dalam tatanan bahasa inggris. Dalam bentuk pasif subjek yang dikenai pekerjaan sedangkan dalam bentuk aktif subjeklah yang melakukan perbuatan. Dalam membentuk kalimat pasif yang harus kita lakukan adalah mengubah to be dan mengganti kata kerja ke dalam bentuk ketiga/V3. 

-         Rumus Passive Voice Present

Present	Aktif	Pasif
Simple	S + V1 + O Nunung buys the book	S + is/am/are + V3 + by O The book is bought by Nunung
Continous	S + is/am/are + Ving Nunung is buying the book	S + is/am/are + being + V3 + by O The book is being bought by Nunung
Perfect	S + has/have + V3 Nunung has bought book	S + have/has + been + v3 + by O The book has been bought by Nunung
Perfect continous	S + has/have + been + Ving Nunung has been buying the book	S + have/has + been + being + v3 + by O The book has been being bought by Nunung

-         Rumus Passive Voice Past

Past	Aktif	Pasif
Simple	S + V2 + O Nunung bought the book	S + was/were + V3 + by O The book was bought by Nunung
Continous	S + was/were + Ving Nunung was buying the book	S + was/were + being + V3 + by O The book was being bought by Nunung
Perfect	S + had + V3 Nunung had bought book	S + had + been + v3 + by O The book had been bought by Nunung
Perfect continous	S + had + been + Ving Nunung had been buying the book	S + had + been + being + v3 + by O The book had been being bought by Nunung

-         Rumus Passive Voice Past

Future	Aktif	Pasif
Simple	S + will + V1 + O Nunung will buy the book	S + will + be + V3 + by O The book will be bought by Nunung
Continous	S + will + be + Ving Nunung will be buying the book	S + will + be + being + V3 + by O The book will be being bought by Nunung
Perfect	S + will + have + V3 Nunung will have bought book	S + will + have + been + v3 + by O The book will have been bought by Nunung
Perfect continous	S + will + have + been + Ving Nunung will have been buying the book	S + will + have + been + being + v3 + by O The book will have been being bought by Nunung

CAUSATIVE VERBS

Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut.

Adapun fungsi dan rumus secara umum sebagai berikut.

Verb	Fungsi	Rumus Active & Passive Causative
Let	membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.	Active: S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Make	memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu	Active: S + (make-made) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + …
Have	menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek	Active: S + (have-had) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + object
		Passive: S + (have-had) + object + action verb (V-3)
Get	mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda	Active: S + (get-got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) + …
		Passive: S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3)

 

RELATIVE PRONOUN

Relative Pronoun	Fungsi	Digunakan untuk	Arti	Contoh Kalimat
Who	Sebagai Subject	Menerangkan Noun - Orang	Yang	The man who speaks English every day is my grand father. (Artinya: Pria yang berbicara bahasa inggris setiap hari itu adalah kakek saya.)
Whom	Sebagai Object	Menerangkan Noun - Orang	Yang	The woman whom you kissed last night is my sister. (Artinya: Perempuan yang kamu cium tadi malam adalah adik saya.)
Which	Subject / Object	Menerangkan Noun - Benda / Binatang	Yang	The movie which we saw last night was very good. (Artinya: Film yang kita lihat tadi malam sangat bagus.)
Whose	Kepemilikan	Menerangkan Noun - Orang	Yang - nya	I know the man whose bicycle was stolen. (Artinya: Saya kenal dengan pria yang sepedanya dicuri.)
That	Subject / Object	Menerangkan Noun – Orang, Benda, dan Binatang	Yang	The car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother. (Artinya: Mobil yang saya beli 3 tahun yang lalu telah dicuri oleh adik saya sendiri.)
				I thanked the woman that helped me. (Artinya: Saya berterima kasih kepada wanita yang menolong saya.)

CATATAN

Dalam percakapan sehari-hari: Sebagai Subject Pronoun, who lebih umum digunakan daripada that. Sebagai Subject Pronoun, that lebih umum digunakan daripada which.

Sumber:

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-causative-verbs-let-make-have-get

http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2013/01/pengertian-contoh-relative-pronoun.html

http://www.belajarbahasainggris.us/2014/01/penjelasan-relative-pronoun-complete.html

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Nowadays, English have been an essential subject, no matter where you live, or what you do, English is always useful for us. As an economic student, I realize there are so many foreign companies in Indonesia, and to apply the job, most of them requires someone whose good at English, moreover it gives us chance to get a good position at the companies, and of course that would gives us good salary too.

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-mf