PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive
voice merupakan ungkapan kalimat pasif
dalam tatanan bahasa inggris. Dalam bentuk pasif subjek yang dikenai pekerjaan
sedangkan dalam bentuk aktif subjeklah yang melakukan perbuatan. Dalam
membentuk kalimat pasif yang harus kita lakukan adalah mengubah to be dan
mengganti kata kerja ke dalam bentuk ketiga/V3.
-
Rumus
Passive Voice Present
|
Present
|
Aktif
|
Pasif
|
|
Simple
|
S + V1 + O
Nunung buys the book
|
S + is/am/are + V3 + by O
The book is bought by Nunung
|
|
Continous
|
S + is/am/are + Ving
Nunung is buying the book
|
S + is/am/are + being + V3 + by O
The book is being bought by Nunung
|
|
Perfect
|
S + has/have + V3
Nunung has bought book
|
S + have/has + been + v3 + by O
The book has been bought by Nunung
|
|
Perfect continous
|
S + has/have + been + Ving
Nunung has been buying the book
|
S + have/has + been + being + v3 +
by O
The book has been being bought by Nunung
|
-
Rumus
Passive Voice Past
|
Past
|
Aktif
|
Pasif
|
|
Simple
|
S + V2 + O
Nunung bought the book
|
S + was/were + V3 + by O
The book was bought by Nunung
|
|
Continous
|
S + was/were + Ving
Nunung was buying the book
|
S + was/were + being + V3 + by O
The book was being bought by Nunung
|
|
Perfect
|
S + had + V3
Nunung had bought book
|
S + had + been + v3 + by O
The book had been bought by Nunung
|
|
Perfect continous
|
S + had + been + Ving
Nunung had been buying the book
|
S + had + been + being + v3 + by O
The book had been being bought by Nunung
|
-
Rumus
Passive Voice Past
|
Future
|
Aktif
|
Pasif
|
|
Simple
|
S + will + V1 + O
Nunung will buy the book
|
S + will + be + V3 + by O
The book will be bought by Nunung
|
|
Continous
|
S + will + be + Ving
Nunung will be buying the book
|
S + will + be + being + V3 + by O
The book will be being bought by Nunung
|
|
Perfect
|
S + will + have + V3
Nunung will have bought book
|
S + will + have + been + v3 + by O
The book will have been bought by Nunung
|
|
Perfect continous
|
S + will + have + been + Ving
Nunung will have been buying the
book
|
S + will + have + been + being +
v3 + by O
The book will have been being
bought by Nunung
|
CAUSATIVE VERBS
Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang
digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak
bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau
sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut.
Adapun fungsi dan rumus secara umum sebagai berikut.|
Verb
|
Fungsi
|
Rumus Active
& Passive Causative
|
|
Let
|
membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
|
Active:
S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + … |
|
Make
|
memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan
sesuatu
|
Active:
S + (make-made) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + … |
|
Have
|
menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek
|
Active:
S + (have-had) + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + object |
|
Passive:
S + (have-had) + object + action verb (V-3) |
||
|
Get
|
mirip dengan have namun
dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda
|
Active:
S + (get-got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) + … |
|
Passive:
S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3) |
RELATIVE PRONOUN
|
Relative Pronoun
|
Fungsi
|
Digunakan untuk
|
Arti
|
Contoh Kalimat
|
|
Who
|
Sebagai Subject
|
Menerangkan Noun - Orang
|
Yang
|
The man who speaks English every
day is my grand father.
(Artinya: Pria yang
berbicara bahasa inggris setiap hari itu adalah kakek saya.)
|
|
Whom
|
Sebagai Object
|
Menerangkan Noun - Orang
|
Yang
|
The woman whom you kissed last
night is my sister.
(Artinya: Perempuan
yang kamu cium tadi malam adalah adik saya.)
|
|
Which
|
Subject / Object
|
Menerangkan Noun - Benda /
Binatang
|
Yang
|
The movie which we saw last
night was very good.
(Artinya: Film yang
kita lihat tadi malam sangat bagus.)
|
|
Whose
|
Kepemilikan
|
Menerangkan Noun - Orang
|
Yang - nya
|
I know the man whose bicycle
was stolen.
(Artinya: Saya kenal
dengan pria yang sepedanya dicuri.)
|
|
That
|
Subject / Object
|
Menerangkan Noun – Orang,
Benda, dan Binatang
|
Yang
|
The car that I bought 3 years
ago has been stolen by my own brother.
(Artinya: Mobil yang
saya beli 3 tahun yang lalu telah dicuri oleh adik saya sendiri.)
|
|
I thanked the woman that
helped me.
(Artinya: Saya
berterima kasih kepada wanita yang menolong saya.)
|
CATATAN
|
Dalam percakapan sehari-hari:
Sebagai Subject Pronoun, who lebih umum digunakan daripada that.
Sebagai Subject Pronoun, that lebih umum digunakan daripada
which.
|
Sumber:
